China's top three state-owned carriers—Air China, China Eastern Airlines, and China Southern Airlines—are projected to report substantial net losses for the full year, continuing a prolonged slump for the nation's aviation sector. Despite a gradual post-pandemic recovery in domestic travel demand, the airlines continue to be heavily burdened by surging global jet fuel prices and persistently weak international flight volumes compared to pre-2019 levels. Furthermore, the relentless depreciation of the Chinese yuan against the U.S. dollar has significantly inflated their foreign-denominated debt and lease obligations. Industry analysts warn that these combined macroeconomic headwinds will likely delay the carriers' return to full profitability well into the future, despite aggressive efforts to optimize flight routes and control operational expenses.